Dissociative identity disorder

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a psychiatric diagnosis and describes a condition in which a person displays multiple distinct identities (known as alters or parts), each with its own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the environment.

In the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems the name for this diagnosis is multiple personality disorder. In both systems of terminology, the diagnosis requires that at least two personalities (one may be the host) routinely take control of the individual's behavior with an associated memory loss that goes beyond normal forgetfulness; in addition, symptoms cannot be the temporary effects of drug use or a general medical condition. DID is less common than other dissociative disorders, occurring in approximately 1% of dissociative cases, and is often comorbid with other disorders.

There is a great deal of controversy surrounding the topic of DID. The validity of DID as a medical diagnosis has been questioned, and some researchers have suggested that DID may exist primarily as an iatrogenic adverse effect of therapy. DID is diagnosed significantly more frequently in North America than in the rest of the world.

Signs and symptoms

Individuals diagnosed with DID demonstrate a variety of symptoms with wide fluctuations across time; functioning can vary from severe impairment in daily functioning to normal or high abilities. Symptoms can include:

• Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states
• Multiple mannerisms, attitudes and beliefs
• Pseudoseizures or other conversion symptoms
• Somatic symptoms that vary across identities
• Distortion or loss of subjective time (a long time)
• Current memory loss of everyday events
• Depersonalization
• Derealization
• Depression
• Flashbacks of abuse/trauma
• Sudden anger without a justified cause
• Frequent panic/anxiety attacks
• Unexplainable phobias

Patients may experience a broad array of other symptoms that may appear to resemble epilepsy, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, and eating disorders.

Physiological findings

Reviews of the literature have discussed the findings of various psychophysiologic investigations of DID. Many of the investigations include testing and observation in a single person with different alters. Different alter states have shown distinct physiological markers and some EEG studies have shown distinct differences between alters in some subjects, while other subjects' patterns were consistent across alters.

Neuroimaging studies of individuals with dissociative disorders have found higher than normal levels of memory encoding and a smaller than normal parietal lobe.

Another study concluded that the differences involved intensity of concentration, mood changes, degree of muscle tension, and duration of recording, rather than some inherent difference between the brains of people diagnosed with DID. Brain imaging studies have corroborated the transitions of identity in some DID sufferers. A link between epilepsy and DID has been postulated but this is disputed. Some brain imaging studies have shown differing cerebral blood flow with different alters, and distinct differences overall between subjects with DID and a healthy control group.

A different imaging study showed that findings of smaller hippocampal volumes in patients with a history of exposure to traumatic stress and an accompanying stress-related psychiatric disorder were also demonstrated in DID. This study also found smaller amygdala volumes. Studies have demonstrated various changes in visual parameters between alters. One twin study showed heritable factors were present in DID.

Causes

This disorder is theoretically linked with the interaction of overwhelming stress, traumatic antecedents, insufficient childhood nurturing, and an innate ability to dissociate memories or experiences from consciousness. A high percentage of patients report child abuse. People diagnosed with DID often report that they have experienced severe physical and sexual abuse, especially during early to mid childhood. Several psychiatric rating scales of DID sufferers suggested that DID is strongly related to childhood trauma rather than to an underlying electrophysiological dysfunction.

Others believe that the symptoms of DID are created iatrogenically by therapists using certain treatment techniques with suggestible patients, but this idea is not universally accepted. Skeptics have suggested that a small subset of doctors are responsible for the majority of diagnoses that a small number of therapists were responsible for diagnosing the majority of individuals with DID. Psychologist Nicholas Spanos and others skeptical of the condition have suggested that in addition to iatrogenesis, DID may be the result of role-playing rather than separate personalities, though others disagree, pointing to a lack of incentive to manufacture or maintain separate personalities and point to the claimed histories of abuse of these patients.

Development theory

Severe sexual, physical, or psychological trauma in childhood by a primary caregiver has been proposed as an explanation for the development of DID. In this theory, awareness, memories and feelings of a harmful action or event caused by the caregiver is pushed into the subconscious and dissociation becomes a coping mechanism for the individual during times of stress. These memories and feelings are later experienced as a separate entity, and if this happens multiple times, multiple alters are created.

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder or bipolar affective disorder, historically known as manic–depressive disorder, is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood with or without one or more depressive episodes. The elevated moods are clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania. Individuals who experience manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes, or symptoms, or a mixed state in which features of both mania and depression are present at the same time. These events are usually separated by periods of "normal" mood; but, in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, which is known as rapid cycling. Severe manic episodes can sometimes lead to such psychotic symptoms as delusions and hallucinations. The disorder has been subdivided into bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and other types, based on the nature and severity of mood episodes experienced; the range is often described as the bipolar spectrum.

Estimates of the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder vary, with studies typically giving values of the order of 1%, with higher figures given in studies with looser definitions of the condition. The onset of full symptoms generally occurs in late adolescence or young adulthood. Diagnosis is based on the person's self-reported experiences, as well as observed behavior. Episodes of abnormality are associated with distress and disruption and an elevated risk of suicide, especially during depressive episodes. In some cases, it can be a devastating long-lasting disorder. In others, it has also been associated with creativity, goal striving, and positive achievements. There is significant evidence to suggest that many people with creative talents have also suffered from some form of bipolar disorder. It is often suggested that creativity and bipolar disorder are linked.

Genetic factors contribute substantially to the likelihood of developing bipolar disorder, and environmental factors are also implicated. Bipolar disorder is often treated with mood stabilizing medications and, sometimes, other psychiatric drugs. Psychotherapy also has a role, often when there has been some recovery of the subject's stability. In serious cases, in which there is a risk of harm to oneself or others, involuntary commitment may be used. These cases generally involve severe manic episodes with dangerous behavior or depressive episodes with suicidal ideation. There are widespread problems with social stigma, stereotypes, and prejudice against individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. People with bipolar disorder exhibiting psychotic symptoms can sometimes be misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia, another, different, serious mental illness.

The current term bipolar disorder is of fairly recent origin and refers to the cycling between high and low episodes (poles). A relationship between mania and melancholia had long been observed, although the basis of the current conceptualisation can be traced back to French psychiatrists in the 1850s. The term "manic-depressive illness" or psychosis was coined by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin in the late nineteenth century, originally referring to all kinds of mood disorder. German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard split the classification again in 1957, employing the terms unipolar disorder (major depressive disorder) and bipolar disorder.

Signs and symptoms

Bipolar disorder is a condition in which people experience abnormally elevated (manic or hypomanic) and, in many cases, abnormally depressed states for periods of time in a way that interferes with functioning. Not everyone's symptoms are the same, and there is no simple physiological test to confirm the disorder. Bipolar disorder can appear to be unipolar depression. Diagnosing bipolar disorder is often difficult, even for mental health professionals. What distinguishes bipolar disorder from unipolar depression is that the affected person experiences states of mania and depression. Often bipolar is inconsistent among patients because some people feel depressed more often than not and experience little mania whereas others experience predominantly manic symptoms. Additionally, the younger the age of onset—bipolar disorder starts in childhood or early adulthood in most patients—the more likely the first few episodes are to be depression. Because a bipolar diagnosis requires a manic or hypomanic episode, many patients are initially diagnosed and treated as having major depression.

Depressive episode

Signs and symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger, isolation, or hopelessness; disturbances in sleep and appetite; fatigue and loss of interest in usually enjoyable activities; problems concentrating; loneliness, self-loathing, apathy or indifference; depersonalization; loss of interest in sexual activity; shyness or social anxiety; irritability, chronic pain (with or without a known cause); lack of motivation; and morbid suicidal ideation. In severe cases, the individual may become psychotic, a condition also known as severe bipolar depression with psychotic features. These symptoms include delusions or, less commonly, hallucinations, usually unpleasant. A major depressive episode persists for at least two weeks, and may continue for over six months if left untreated.

Manic episode

Mania is the signature characteristic of bipolar disorder and, depending on its severity, is how the disorder is classified. Mania is generally characterized by a distinct period of an elevated mood, which can take the form of euphoria. People commonly experience an increase in energy and a decreased need for sleep, with many often getting as little as three or four hours of sleep per night, while others can go days without sleeping. A person may exhibit pressured speech, with thoughts experienced as racing. Attention span is low, and a person in a manic state may be easily distracted. Judgment may become impaired, and sufferers may go on spending sprees or engage in behavior that is quite abnormal for them. They may indulge in substance abuse, particularly alcohol or other depressants, cocaine or other stimulants, or sleeping pills. Their behavior may become aggressive, intolerant, or intrusive. People may feel out of control or unstoppable, or as if they have been "chosen" and are "on a special mission" or have other grandiose or delusional ideas. Sexual drive may increase. At more extreme phases of bipolar I, a person in a manic state can begin to experience psychosis, or a break with reality, where thinking is affected along with mood. Some people in a manic state experience severe anxiety and are very irritable (to the point of rage), while others are euphoric and grandiose.

To be diagnosed with mania according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), a person must experience this state of elevated or irritable mood, as well as other symptoms, for at least one week, less if hospitalization is required.

Severity of manic symptoms can be measured by rating scales such as self-reported Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale and clinician-based Young Mania Rating Scale.

Hypomanic episode

Hypomania is generally a mild to moderate level of mania, characterized by optimism, pressure of speech and activity, and decreased need for sleep. Generally, hypomania does not inhibit functioning like mania. Many people with hypomania are actually in fact more productive than usual, while manic individuals have difficulty completing tasks due to a shortened attention span. Some people have increased creativity while others demonstrate poor judgment and irritability. Many people experience signature hypersexuality. These persons generally have increased energy and tend to become more active than usual. They do not, however, have delusions or hallucinations. Hypomania can be difficult to diagnose because it may masquerade as mere happiness, though it carries the same risks as mania.

Hypomania may feel good to the person who experiences it. Thus, even when family and friends learn to recognize the mood swings, the individual often will deny that anything is wrong. Also, the individual may not be able to recall the events that took place while they were experiencing hypomania. What might be called a "hypomanic event", if not accompanied by complementary depressive episodes ("downs", etc.), is not typically deemed as problematic: The "problem" arises when mood changes are uncontrollable and, more importantly, volatile or "mercurial". If unaccompanied by depressive counterpart episodes or otherwise general irritability, this behavior is typically called hyperthymia, or happiness, which is, of course, perfectly normal.^{[citation needed]} Indeed, the most elementary definition of bipolar disorder is an often "violent" or "jarring" state of essentially uncontrollable oscillation between hyperthymia and dysthymia. If left untreated, an episode of hypomania can last anywhere from a few days to several years. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.

Mixed affective episode

In the context of bipolar disorder, a mixed state is a condition during which symptoms of mania and clinical depression occur simultaneously. Typical examples include tearfulness during a manic episode or racing thoughts during a depressive episode. Individuals may also feel incredibly frustrated in this state, since one may feel like a failure and at the same time have a flight of ideas. Mixed states are often the most dangerous period of mood disorders, during which substance abuse, panic disorder, suicide attempts, and other complications increase greatly.

Associated features

Associated features are clinical phenomena that often accompany the disorder but are not part of the diagnostic criteria for the disorder. There are several childhood precursors in children who later receive a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. They may show subtle early traits such as mood abnormalities, full major depressive episodes, and ADHD. BD is also accompanied by changes in cognitive processes and abilities. This include reduced attentional and executive capabilities and impaired memory. How the individual processes the world also depends on the phase of the disorder, with differential characteristics between the manic, hypomanic and depressive states. Some studies have found a significant association between bipolar disorder and creativity.

Female trick

1) Matching The Place
Where do you get your woman? Depending on the age you are targeting and type of woman you want, lets say 18 maybe you should go to a disco? no patience to put up with disco crap? try a bar. no matter where you go always dress accordingly to the place you are going to
Ex: You don't pick up girls at a rock concert dressed like an hipster.
Buy some fashion magazines girls will judge you not only by your looks but mostly by what you are wearing how you walk and talk, unless you are as ugly as a corpse looks shouldn't really matter. Woman are attracted to social status. <- Memorize this.

2) Spotting the prey
So you're at bar and you're looking for a girl to mess with, and no you don't randomly pick one you like.
Look around for woman who look: Bored; Alone; Any girl that is looking around the place; If you make eye contact with one of these do not look away stare and make little smile as you slowing turn your face the other way. Tip: If a girl is touching her hair and pulling it towards a specific direction lets say in your direction, this might mean she is interested in you.
Do not target large groups if you are alone or with 1 or 2 friends.
Make things even.

3) The approach
When walking towards a girl; just don't do it.
Pretend you are going to get a drink; never looking at your target; When you walk towards someone staring at them you might intimidate them you don't want that.
Just make it seem like you are just passing through and when you are engage;

4) Talking
So what will you say to a girl you've just ran into?
You will ask for help. Like: Hey me and friends were discussing something they think they are so right could you give me your opinions?
Or: Hey i have a little problem could you help me out please?
Make sure to mention that it wont take long, because you've got to catch up with your friends or that you have to meet with them.
Moving on: If girl(s) accepts to help you, you are good to go; Now you will ask to sit and this will surely be offered to you i mean someone who just said that would help you out wont deny you a sit.
So you sit and present you problem. ex: I bought this snake and i don't really know what i should name it my friend says X but X seems like not a snake name... ; you get the point
So you ask the girls opinion; but why a fucking snake you might ask? its a pet its unusual and it is FUN how many people have ran into you asking for cool names for their pets?
And so conversation develops the girl(s) laughs a little you get a few names to your imaginary pet and now its time to look at your cellphone. Retreat; Be polite; excuse me i really got to go, thank you so much i think im going to name Y sounds like an awesome name
(If you cant make conversation you will die in awkward silence, just let it flow, don't let everyone stay quiet for over 2s)

5) Get out of here STALKER
So yea you will stalk the girl for about an hour and will run into her by accident. You make conversation again and ask her number cause she really made an impression. Again show yourself unavailable to continue the conversation.

6) The Wait
You will not call in the next 2 days maybe on the 3rd or 4th or next week
This will make it look like you could care less making her want you, because everyone wants what they cant get or find hard to get like a Ferrari Pinch

She is practically yours by now. This 2-3 days time span will also give you some time to evaluate the situation, you can keep going to the same bar (assuming you want more than just one woman) you keep doing the same thing if you see her in those 2-3 days just hope that she doesnt see you and leave as fast as possible.
And remember woman want sex as much as men you both want the same thing. (you dont want her to act like a bitch; so you shouldnt act like an asshole)

  Do this enough times and eventually you will get pro at it.

Credits: Blaze

Lima syndrome

An inverse of Stockholm Syndrome called "Lima Syndrome" has been proposed, in which abductors develop sympathy for their hostages. It was named after an abduction at the Japanese Embassy in Lima, Peru in 1996, when members of a militant movement took hostage hundreds of people attending a party in the official residence of Japan's ambassador. Within a few hours, the abductors had set free most of the hostages, including the most valuable ones, due to sympathy.

Stockholm syndrome

In psychology, Stockholm Syndrome is an apparently paradoxical psychological phenomenon in which hostages express empathy and have positive feelings towards their captors, sometimes to the point of defending them. These feelings are generally considered irrational in light of the danger or risk endured by the victims, who essentially mistake a lack of abuse from their captors for an act of kindness. The FBI’s Hostage Barricade Database System shows that roughly 27% of victims show evidence of Stockholm Syndrome. The Syndrome is named after the Norrmalmstorg robbery of Kreditbanken at Norrmalmstorg in Stockholm, in which bank employees were held hostage from August 23 to August 28, 1973. In this case, victims became emotionally attached to their captors, and even defended them after they were freed from their six-day ordeal. The term "Stockholm Syndrome" was coined by the criminologist and psychiatrist Nils Bejerot, who assisted the police during the robbery, and referred to the Syndrome in a news broadcast. It was originally defined by psychiatrist Frank Ochberg to aid the management of hostage situations.

Evolutionary explanations

The Syndrome has also been explained in evolutionary terms by a phenomenon sometimes referred to as "Capture-bonding".

In the view of evolutionary psychology "the mind is a set of information-processing machines that were designed by natural selection to solve adaptive problems faced by our hunter-gatherer ancestors."

One of the "adaptive problems faced by our hunter-gatherer ancestors," particularly our female ancestors, was being abducted by another band. Life in the human "environment of evolutionary adaptiveness" (EEA) is thought by researchers such as Azar Gat to be similar to that of the few remaining hunter-gatherer societies. "Deadly violence is also regularly activated in competition over women. . . . Abduction of women, rape, . . . are widespread direct causes of reproductive conflict . . ."  I.e., being captured  and having their dependent children killed might have been fairly common. Women who resisted capture in such situations risked being killed.

Azar Gat argues that war and abductions (capture) were typical of human pre-history.When selection is intense and persistent, adaptive traits (such as capture-bonding) become universal to the population or species. (See Selection.)

Partial activation of the capture-bonding psychological trait may lie behind battered-wife syndrome, military basic training, fraternity hazing, and sex practices such as sadism/masochism or bondage/discipline.

 Notable examples

• Mary McElroy was kidnapped and held for ransom in 1933 and released by her captors unharmed. When three of her four captors were apprehended and given maximum sentences (including one death sentence), McElroy defended them. According to reports, she suffered from feelings of guilt concerning the case which compromised her mental and physical health. She took her own life in 1940.

• Patty Hearst was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army in 1974. After two months in captivity, she actively took part in a robbery they were orchestrating. Her unsuccessful legal defense claimed that she suffered from Stockholm Syndrome and was coerced into aiding the SLA. She was convicted and imprisoned for her actions in the robbery, though her sentence was commuted in February 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, and she received a Presidential pardon from President Bill Clinton on January 20, 2001 (among his last official acts before leaving office).

• Jaycee Lee Dugard was abducted at age 11 by Phillip and Nancy Garrido at a school bus stop in 1991 and was imprisoned at their residence for 18 years. In August 2009, Phillip brought Nancy and Jaycee (who was living under the alias "Allissa") along with two girls that Garrido fathered with Jaycee during her captivity, to be questioned by Garrido's parole officer after he noticed some suspicious behavior. She did not reveal her identity when she was questioned alone. Instead, she told investigators she was a battered wife from Minnesota who was hiding from her abusive husband, and described Garrido as a "great person" who was "good with her kids". Dugard has since admitted to forming an emotional bond with Garrido with great guilt and regret.

Bystander effect

The bystander effect or Genovese syndrome is a social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases where individuals do not offer any means of help in an emergency situation to the victim when other people are present. The probability of help has in the past been thought to be inversely related to the number of bystanders; in other words, the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any one of them will help. The mere presence of other bystanders greatly decreases intervention. This happens because as the number of bystanders increases, any given bystander is less likely to notice the incident, less likely to interpret the incident as a problem, and less likely to assume responsibility for taking action.

The Bystander Effect  can be very useful as a part of Social Engineering.

This effect will not happen every single time as there are good people in this world that are willing to help those in distress. As you already probably know, there are good people that simply love to help everybody and they will never let themselves look bad things happening in front of their eyes.

    Most psychologists say this is because people are lazy, other psychologists say that its because no one else sees the distressed person as a priority, so it must not be that big of a deal. Others, say that they simply avoid the distressed person because they think the person could be pulling a con.

Anyway, people may also feel fear of the situation. For example, what if somebody carries a knife or any weapon? What will happen to me if I help?... Generally, some parents are learning their children that they should stay out of trouble, for example if they see two or more people fighting, arguing… just step away! This can also be possible reason. Or one more possible reason, do you really think that you are so important to some strangers that he will jump and sometimes probably risk their lives to save you?


     Someone gets pick-pocketed. They start to fuss, they make a big commotion, and they tell people to stop the pickpocket. Now lets say that you had a group of people just walk by the distressed person completely ignoring him. There is a high chance that everyone else around the distressed person would do absolutely nothing simply because no one else was doing anything.

There are few examples from my real life that I will write here.

One:

On my college female fights are rarely happened, but arguments do very often. And in one of the arguments, one of my friends took place because she was jealous of the cutest girl in the college. My friend is psychologically very dangerous person because she profiles people in a free time and she made the psychological profile of the cutest girl on college before that argument. She knew her vulnerabilities. She wanted to humiliate her.

Once they started argument, cuter girl was trying to insult her through physical look, something like I am better chick, my tits are better, you cannot be seen once my hot body is here… But there was a problem: my friend had psychological profile and knew everything. So after five minutes she started talking about weak spots, personal stuff, family stuff… you know what am I talking about, I really wouldn’t like to write all that list of insults. My friend started talking that she knows why her opponent’s mother has fucker besides her father and so on, and something like she knows that her will never be able to hold on a day without a boyfriend and huge, muscular dick in her mouth because she is copies mother’s behaviour. And so many other insults.

After ten minutes cute girl started to cry, and my friend didn’t stop. More and more personal stuff were released in public. Nobody told anything, and 50 people looked that argument.

After 20 minutes, cute girl threatens that she will beat her to death. One problem: my friend is a kung-fu master and K1 fighter, and she just places her face in front of the cute girl and just repeating:”Common you little busty whore, punch me, I am barely waiting!” You notice that nobody talks(nobody even moved) but two of them.

After 30 minutes cute girl is trying to punch my friend, but her skills were to weak, my friend kicked her few times to the left thigh and she couldn’t walk normally anymore. Argument ended and my friend was just laughing and told her:” You can be the cutest girl in the whole world, but arguing with me is a verbal murder.”, and just walked away.

Why am I writing this? The cutest girl was raising noise, asking for help, yelling, crying and so on… nobody even tried to help her, though she slept with few guys from my college and they were present at the moment. Was this just fear or bystander effect? I would definitively say bystander effect. 50 people were present, and nobody did anything. I love my friend a lot, and I supported her, but i don’t think that she should go that far.

Two:

Every day in a bus I see grannys looking for a place to sit. Granny wanted to sit, but muscular guy with tattoos didn’t wanted to get up. Granny started to yell, curse and scream; but he was just laughing.

Nobody said even a word.

Three:

A guy robbed a grocery store. He was running away with the stolen goods and he passed beside the group of 20 people. The seller was chasing him and yelling:”Thief, thief, help me, call the police!” When he asked the cell phone from them to call the police, they just told him to stay away cause they don’t like to be interrupted in listening their favourite song. And he was running through the main street, nobody even moved.

So hope this is clearer to you now. If you have questions, feel free to ask them.

Pronalazenje tajne strane licnosti

Svako od nas ima svoju "tajnu" ili skrivenu stranu licnosti, koja se razlicitim intenzitetom i bojama odrazava kroz nase postupke i ponasanje. Medjutim, ta skrivena strana licnosti sa sobom nosi i naznake potencijalne slabosti, destrukciju, agresivnost ili predstavlja "tamnu" stranu licnosti. Postoji niz psiholoskih tehnika i metoda kojima se razotkrivanju potisnuti ili nesvesni mehanizmi licnosti, ali poput ledene piramide, tek naziremo njen vrh i u analitickoj kombinatorici pretpostavljamo njene moguce aspekte.
Skrivena strana licnosti ostaje enigma kako za vlastito, tako i za spoljasnje ogledalo u svetu u kome zivimo, i u kome se ponekad ogledamo.


Pred Vama je psiho-test koji Vam nudi mogucnost razonode ili otkrivanja nekih naznaka skivenih aspekata licnosti, ali, mozda i nesto vise od toga, proverite sami.



POSTUPAK RESAVANJA TESTA:

Potrebno je da po redosledu pitanja, odaberete jednu od cetiri ponudjenje mogucnosti (odgovora) koja se najvise uklapa u Vas stav i profil licnosti. Na kraju, pogedajte REZULTATE testa.



PITANJA:


1. Nalazis se na izletu i nakon duge setnje iznenada nailazis na:

a) Vrlo privlacnu osobu.
b) Pecinu.
c) Raskrsnicu.
d) Neobicnu kucu.



2. Ponudjenu su ti cetiri karte na izbor, koju od njih ces odabrati:

a) As karo
b) As pik
c) As tref
d) As herc



3. Muci te jeziva nocna mora i naglo se budis iz sna, zato sto:

a) Goris u strasnoj vatri ili plamenu.
b) Padas sa nepregledne visine i propadas u beskraj ili tamu.
c) Progoni te strasni monstrum, krvolicni ubica ili davitelj.
d) Davis se u vodi.



4. Neko ti je poklonio:

a) Privezak.
b) Sat.
c) Sesir.
d) Parfem.



5. Nobicno vazan "detalj" u tvojoj kuci ima:

a) Ogledalo iznad spavaceg kreveta.
b) Ogroman djakuzi u sjajnom kupatilu.
c) Diskretno osvetljenje i prozori.
d) Veliki i topao kamin uz udobnu sofru ili lezaj.


6. Ponudjene si tu cetiri stvari na izbor, koju ces od njih odabrati.

a) Stari novcic.
b) Pescani sat.
c) Lampu.
d) Starinski kljuc.



7. Da mozes da kaznis svog najgoreg i najveceg neprijatelja, ti bi ucinio(la) na sledeci nacin:

a) Poslaces ga u manastir.
b) Oduzeces mu ono sto najvise voli.
c) Mucices ga najgorim spravama za mucenje.
d) Osudices ga na vecnu samocu.



8. Pred tobom se nalazi spil karata, ti sigurno izvlacis:

a) Asa.
b) Kralja.
c) Dzokera.
d) Damu / zandara herca.



9. Osecao(la) bi se potpuno bespomocno kada bi se desilo:

a) Da je oko tebe beskrajna tama.
b) Da ostanes potpupno nepokretan(a) i bolesno paralisan(a), kao biljka koja vegetira.
c) Da te neko zatvori u lavirint iz kojeg nema izlaza.
d) Da ostanes sam(a) nakon sudnje epokalipse.



10. Usled uzasnog pozara ili nesrece, mozes da ucinis samo jedan pokret i tom prilikom da spasis:

a) Svog ljubavnika(cu).
b) Deset poznatih osoba.
c) Sestru / brata.
d) Cetrdeset nepoznatih osoba.


1. Dobio(la) si zlatnu ribicu koja moze da ti ispuni samo jednu zelju, ti ces odabrati:

a) Kompletnu i savrsenu promenu izgleda, uspeh i moc.
b) Putovanje kroz vreme.
c) Beskrajnu mladost.
d) Srecu i ljubav.



12. Tvoja neostvarena fantazija je:

a) Da imas moc i da budes gospodar.
b) Da imas misiticnu moc i da postanes carobnjak.
c) Da po potrebi postanes nevidljiv(a).
d) Da imas krila.



13. Povremeno osecas strah od:
a) Neuspha i nemoci.
b) Gubitka i siromastva.
c) Izdaje i prevare.
d) Samoce i bolesti.



14. Nalazis se u prilici da dobijes bozanski dar, odabraces:

a) Eliksir vecnosti.
b) Argusovo - svevidece oko.
c) Caroban stapic.
d) Kamen znanja i mudrosti.



15. Da mozes ti bi zeleo(la):

a) Da upravljas svetom.
b) Da posetis druge svetove.
c) Da upoznas i dozivis tajanstveno / misticno.
d) Da posetis "Rajski vrt".



16. Zelis da se opustis u svojoj kuci uz dobar film, koji zanr najvise odgovora tvom raspolozenju:

a) Akcioni / erotski.
b) Komedija / mjuzikl.
c) Naucnofantasticni.
d) Psiholoska drama / ljubavni.

REZULTATI TESTA



Ukoliko imate najvise odgovora pod "a":

Za Vas se najveci zivotni izazovi kriju u drugim ljudima i u odnosu sa njima; kroz njihove postupke, ponasanje i delovanje. Pokrece Vas velika strast, impuls koji se zasniva na culnosti, putenosti, dodiru, hedonizmu, uzitku. Bez obzira koliko delujete snazno (psiholoski ili fizicki) u osnovi Vi ne mozete bez drugih. Tezite ka ekstremima, dozvoljavate drugima da Vas usrece, ali takodje i da Vas razocaraju, osujete i povrede. Za Vas faktor iskustva nema bitan uticaj, skloni ste ponavljanju principa istih gresaka (karma ili?) u novim ili slicnim situacijama, kao i sa novim osobama. Ponekad hodate po "tankoj liniji" izmedju radosti i tuge, srece i nesrece, stvaralackog i rusilackog nagona ... kao u igrama bez granica Vama je vazno da se krecete i da idete dalje kroz zivot. U sustini Vi ste slabiji nego sto se predstavljate pred svojom okolinom i nego sto to drugi misle. Ponekad ne umete da se zaustavite u kriticnom trenutku. Imate naglasenu sklonost ka fiksacijama.

Ukoliko imate najvise odgovora pod "b":

Vi imate naglasenu potrebu da istrazujete svet oko sebe, ali prvenstveno zarad zadovoljenja licnih poriva. Kada ostvarite svoje ciljeve i zadovoljite svoje siroke apetite, onda i drugi mogu da budu zadovoljni. Uzitak, radost i srecu delite sa drugima, ali zauzvrat ocekujete neko posebno zadovoljstvo, priznanje ili "nagradu". Veoma ste uporni u svojim namerama i skoro uvek pronalazite nacin ili opravdanje da ostvarite svoje ciljeve. Ukoliko ste razocarani, tuzni ili povredjeni, trazite nacin da brzo "kompenzirate gubitak" i da potisnete svoju slabost. Iskustvo na Vas deluje vrlo poucno, ali ponekad zbog skrivene slabosti umete da popustite pred novim izazovom. U sustini Vi ste jaci nego sto se predstavljate pred svojom okolinom i nego sto to drugi misle. Ali, Vama su potrebni drugi da biste se zaustavili u kriticnom trenutku. Imate naglasenu sklonost ka razlicitim sublimacijama.
Ukoliko imate najvise odgovora pod "c":

Vi umete da skrenete paznju ili da ostavite utisak, vec na prvi pogled ili kroz neobican stil ponasanja i originalnost. Privlace Vas nesvakidasnje situacije, veci ekstremi, ponekad zelite da prekoracite pravila ili "postavljene granice". Nesvesno se upravljate po principu: kada je dobro Vama - dobro je i drugima, kada je lose Vama - drugima je jos gore. Posedujete ogromnu energiju, ali nije lako kontrolisati tu snagu koja oscilira. Pozitivan puls stvara mogucnost za radost, uzitak i srecu, ali Vas unutrasnji impuls za promenom je jaci od potrebe da se ustalite. Kada ste razocarani, tuzni ili povredjeni, ucinicete sve sto je potrebno da "eliminisete" neprijatnost. Ucite na svojim greskama i umete da predimenzionirate stvarnost ili svet oko sebe. Prekidi, odricanje i kaznjavanje je cena koju placate ili naplacujete za razlicite propuste. U sustini Vi ste slabiji nego sto se predstavljate pred svojom okolinom i nego sto to drugi misle. Vasa velika slabost je, da ne umete da se zaustavite u kriticnom trenutku. Imate sklonost ka razlicitim opsesijama.

Ukoliko imate najvise odgovora pod "d":

Kod Vas je naglasena velika mastovitost i emotivnost, ali upravo ta duboka emotivnost (preosetljivost) predstavlja Vasu najvecu i istovremeno najslabiju stranu licnosti. Ukoliko svoju energiju usmeravate ka afirmaciji i zadovoljstvu, ako Vas prati harmonican odnos sa drugima - Vi predstavljate beskrajni izvor radosti. Ali, ako dozivljavate razocarenje, bol i patnju okrecete se od drugih i postajete skloni (samo)kaznjavanju i autistickim predstavama. Bez obzira koliko delujete "zavisni" od drugih, Vi duboko u sebi tezite ka kompletnom razvoju licnosti i zadovoljenju svojih potreba o "savrsenstvu". U sustini Vi ste jaci nego sto se predstavljate pred svojom okolinom i nego sto to drugi misle. Imate sjajan instinkt za samoodrzanjem, umete da predosetite opasnost ili nevolju i kada se nadjete u neprijatnoj situaciji - to je zato sto ste sami "trazili" novi izazov, iskustvo ili nesto "nemoguce". Vi umete da se zaustavite u kriticnom trenutku, ali, ako zelite umete da zaustavite i druge. Imate naglasenu sklonost ka velikim fantazijama.

Oblik usana

Oblik usana kod odredjene osobe uvek ukazuje na vise faktora analize, mozemo govoriti o razlicitim estetskim kriterijumima ili o psiholoskim aspektima.


Dakle, oblik usana kod odredjene osobe ukazuje na stepen privlacenje ili dopadanja koji ona izaziva kod svoje okoline, zatim na njeno ponasanje, kao i na izrazavanje osecanja.

Na osnovu razultata istrazivanja postoje osnovne podele u zavisnosti od oblika usana i osobenosti licnosti ili manifestacije ponasanja licnosti.

LEPO OBLIKOVANE USNE

Ukazuju da osoba ima visoke moralne kriterijume, dosta vrlina i jaka osecanja. Ona je veoma strpljiva i marljiva, najcesce savesno izvrsava svoje obaveze. Spremna je da pomogne drugim ljudima. Deluje dobronamerno, toplo i senzualno. Obicno ima veliki broj poznanika ili prijatelja, kao i emotivnih veza.

MALE USNE

Obicno imaju osobe koje su sklone "zakulisnim radnjama". One tesko otvoreno izrazavaju svoja osecanja i veoma tesko ispunjavaju data obecanja. Cesto mnoge stvari rade iz licne koristi ili sa "racunicom". Nepostojani su u prijateljskim vezama. U izrazavanju emocija deluju posesivno i ljubomorno, cak mnogi pate i od narcisoidnosti.

Ako na gornjoj usni ispod nosa postoje dve paralelne linije, a izmedju njih velika rupica
Ukazuje na pozitivne karakterne crte licnosti. Ova osoba teze kontrolise svoja osecanja, misli ili postupke. Deluje vrlo strasno, impulsivno ili infantilno, hedonistickih je potreba i rukovodi se za primarnim nagonima.

Ako je gornja usna razvijenija u odnosu na donju
Ovo je veoma dinamicna osoba koja poseduje jaka ili intenzivna osecanja. Veliki je optimista i punim plucima uziva u zivotu -- voli sva zivotna zadovoljstva, zaljubljena je u ljubav, "voli da voli" i voli sve sto je lepo.

Ako je donja usna naglasenija (punija) u odnosu na gornju
Otkriva veoma inertnu ili pasivnu osoba, najcesce druge ljude podredjuje ispunjavanju svojih licnih zelja. Ne izrazava otvoreno svoja osecanja, i koristi razlicite indirektne ili prikrivene metode na putu do svoga cilja. Gledano spolja ume da ostalja utisak "smirene osobe", ali ona sve intenzivno prazivljava iznutra.

TANKE USNE

Najcesce govore o osecanjima bez topline. Osobe koje imaju ovakav oblik usana umeju da deluju emotivno hladno, uskogrudo, razervisano, strogo ili mracno. Mnogi od njih su i vrlo sebicni, teze ka ispunjavaju svoj licnih ambicija, ciljeva ili zelja. Poseduju razvijene sposobnosti prakticnog misljenja i delovanja, na racun misaonisti, senzualnosti.

LINIJA GORNJE USNE:

ako je primetno izvijena (lucnog ili srcastog oblika), rec je hedonisti ili o osobi koja voli sva zivotna zadovoljstva i razlicite uzitke, optimisticke je prirode i vedrog duha
ako ima pravi obik (kao linija), otkriva vrlo inteligentnu osobu sa izrazenom jakom voljom, zatim disciplinovana, uredna i precizna osoba koja savesno ispunjava svoje obaveze
ako ima stisnute usne, to su obicno osobe skromnijih intelektualnih sposobnosti, koje izrazavaju brutalnost i jake nagone, deluju odvazno, hrabro, "surovo" ili neumoljivo


UGLOVI -- KRAJEVI USANA:

ako su usne izvijene nanize, ukazuje na netolerantnu, strogu i emotivno hladnu osobu, obicno su materijalisticki orijentisani, zahtevni i vrlo skepticne ili pesimisticne prirode
ako su usne izvijene navise, govori o osobi koja otvoreno izrazava svoje emocije i raspolozenja, zatim ona je sigurna u sebe, druzeljubiva, vedrog je duha i optimisticka
ako ne postoje pravilne crte uglove - zavrsetaka usana, obicno ukazuje na osobe koje cesto zapadaju u neke "kriticne" situacije i imaju "teza iskustva" ili problematicne odnose sa drugim ljudima.


PUNIJE - IZRAZAJNE USNE
(vrlo naglasene obe usne)

Ukazuje na hipersenzitivne (preosetljive) osobe, koje imaju razvijenu siroku paletu razlicitih osecanja. Njihova osecanja su vrlo intenzivna, ucestala i jaka, obicno poseduju naglasenu culnost ili seksualnost i potentnost.

Duboko u sebi prezivljavaju razlicite dogadjaje, ali takodje manifestuju spolja ili izvan sebe svoja unutrasnja stanja. Stoga, deluju vrlo osetljivo i brzo prasnu. Imaju "siroke apetite", od uzivanja u hrani do "slatkog uzitka", koja pruzaju razlicita zivotna ili ljubavna zadovoljstva.

Muzički ukus otkriva ličnost

Britanska studija, preduzeta sa ciljem utvrđivanja veze između muzičkog ukusa i ličnosti, otkrila je da ljubitelji klasične muzike i fanovi hevi metala dele neke značajne crte lličnosti kao što su kreativnost i stidljivost. U ovom istraživanju, koje je u petak objavio škotski Heriot-Vat Univerzitet u Edinburgu, učestvovalo je 36.000 ljubitelja muzike širom sveta. Njihov zadatak je bio da navedu svoju omiljenu muziku i daju kratke opise svoje ličnosti. Veruje se da je ovo najveće istraživanje ove vrste ikad sprovedeno.

Projekat je vodio Adrijan Nort, šef univerzitetskog odseka za primenjenu psihologiju. On kaže da je bio iznenađen nekim rezulatatima. "Jedno od najvećih iznenađenja su sličnosti između ljubitelja klasične muzike i ljubitelja hevi metala. I jedni i drugi su kreativni i opušteni ali ne i druželjubivi," rekao je Nort.

"U javnosti postoji stereotip o hevi metal fanovima kao osobama koje su suicidalne, depresivne i opasne po sebe i po društvo. Ali oni su veoma delikatni ljudi." Prema Nortu, ljubitelji hevi metala i klasične muzike su slični, jer dele ljubav prema uzvišenom. "Ako se zanemari razlika u godinama, oni u osnovi imaju istu ličnost." Postoji veća verovatnoća da će fan Metalike poslušati Malera, nego da će ljubitelj indi bendova dati šansu rege muzici.

Ljubitelji indi muzike imaju malo samopoštovanja i motivacije, dok ljubitelji repa mnogo razmišljaju o sebi i veoma su druželjubivi. Oni koji preferiraju kantri muziku su takođe veoma druželjubivi, ali i veoma marljivi. Ljudi koji najviše vole dens su ekstrovertni, ne baš prijateljski nastrojeni i blago egocentrični. Ljubitelji džeza i bluza u proseku imaju izraženo samopoštovanje, kreativni su, druželjubivi i opušteni, a to su crte koje dele sa rokenrol fanovima koji, međutim, nisu naročito ljubazni i darežljivi.

Profesor Nort smatra da ovi rezultati sugerišu da se mnogi ljudi međusobno povezuju preko muzike zbog toga što je ona dubinski povezana sa ličnošću.

Latest news Facebook vs Google Ads

Facebook’s advertising business is soaring. Yet the performance of the average Facebook ad is abysmal.

At least that’s according to a new report issued by the analytics firm Webtrends, which recently examined 11,000 different Facebook ad campaigns which totaled 4.5 billion impressions. Webtrends found that in 2009 the average clickthrough rate on Facebook was 0.063 percent. That figure slipped to 0.051 percent in 2010.

Because of that decline, CPMs on Facebook have crept upward, going from 17 cents in 2009 to 25 cents by last year.

The only ad categories that were able to crack 0.1 percent clickthrough rates were "tabloids and blogs" (0.165 percent) and "media and entertainment" (0.154 percent). The worst performing ad category on Facebook, per Webtrends, was health care, which generated 0.011 percent clickthrough rates and an average cost-per-click of $1.27.

However, Facebook’s CPMs are still relatively low in the grand scheme of things (consider that video ads on Hulu can sometimes fetch $50 CPMs). And while many advertiser turn to Facebook to drive traffic or sell products, many traditional brands use the site for its social value, not its propensity to drive clicks.

Yet even "social ads"—at least as defined by Webtrends—are only effective for so long. “Out of the ads we measured, we found that interest-targeted ads began to burn out after three to five days,” reads the report. “Eventually the rotting CTR leads to Facebook deactivating the ad, and it’s back to the drawing board.”

Regardless, advertisers continue to flock to Facebook. According to eMarketer, ad spending on Facebook will reach $2.19 billion in the U.S. in 2011 and close to $4 billion worldwide.

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